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How life insurance underwriting works
Find out how much you'll pay for coverage based on your risk profile.
Underwriting is the process of assessing the level of risk presented to the insurer to calculate your premiums. The higher the risk, the higher the premiums. This is similar to how a car insurance company will ask you if you have had any previous license suspensions or accidents to assess your driving behavior and determine your rates.
What's in this guide?
What types of risk factors do life insurers check?
An underwriting team will evaluate your:
Health
Lifestyle
Occupation
Additional factors
How does underwriting affect my policy?
The underwriting process can determine things such as:
- Whether you’re eligible for coverage
- The amount of coverage you can buy
- The exclusions may be applied to your policy
- How much you’ll pay for coverage
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How does the life insurance underwriting process work?
Underwriting is the process of evaluating the degree of risk an applicant presents to the insurance company. Every insurer using its own complex underwriting guidelines to determine whether they should accept or reject an application, and to calculate rates.
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1. When does underwriting happen?
You’ll have to complete the life insurance application, which asks about your medical and family health history, lifestyle, occupation and driving record. If the insurer feels the application wasn’t filled out thoroughly, you’ll likely receive a call from an insurer to fill in the blanks in order to move on to the next step of getting a life insurance policy — underwriting. This may involve taking a medical exam.
Your insurer will assign an underwriter to your case, who will then assess all the information you’ve provided, as well as the results of your medical exam, if applicable.
2. What documents do I need?
As a minimum, the insurer will require you to submit information about your:
- Personal and contact details
- Residency
- Occupation
- Financial status
- Hobbies and habits
- Medical history
3. What medical documents do I need?
- Details of medical history. This can include statements or records from your doctor about pre-existing conditions or any treatments you’ve undertaken.
- Prescriptions. You’ll need to prove information about any medication you’ve been prescribed.
- General questions about the family medical history. Insurers will specifically want to know if your parents or siblings have suffered from serious health conditions, like stroke, cancer or Type 2 diabetes.
What risk factors affect my life insurance application?
Life insurance is based on calculable risk, so your insurer will look a range of factors when assessing your application. These include:
- Age and gender. The younger you are, the higher your life expectancy — and the less risky you are to insurer. Men have a lower life expectancy than women, so they tend to pay more for coverage.
- Smoking status. Smokers’ premiums are two to three times the normal rate. If you’re a smoker, you can’t qualify for any insurers’ preferred rate classes — but you may be able to once you’ve kicked the habit for at least a year.
- Lifestyle. If you spend your spare time skydiving, bungee jumping or flying planes for fun, you may be deemed a high-risk applicant and be charged higher rates.
- Occupation. People with dangerous jobs can expect to pay more expensive premiums.
- Driving record. Typically, your recent driving record must be free of major traffic violations, DUIs and DWIs to score the best premiums.
- Alcohol or substance use. A history of alcohol or drug use can drive up your rates.
- Family medical history. If your family has a history of critical health conditions, such as cancer or heart disease, you’ll likely be considered high risk. On the other hand, if you’re in good health and don’t have any genetic history or predisposition to serious illnesses, you may qualify for better rates.
How does medical underwriting work?
Depending on the policy you’ve chosen, you may need to take a medical exam. During the exam, a medical professional will record your height and weight, and request a blood and urine sample.
They’ll also ask you questions about your health and family history. These conditions pose a higher risk to the insurer, and may lead to an increase in rates:
- Heart trouble and high blood pressure
- Chest pains
- Lung disorders
- Bronchitis
- Chronic indigestion
- Diabetes type I and II
- Malignant tumors or cancer
- Kidney, bladder, liver disorders and stones
- Hepatitis
- Mental illness
- Epilepsy
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Do all life insurance policies require a medical exam?
No. If you don’t want to take the medical exam for whatever reason, you can apply for a policy with simplified underwriting. These are the two main options:
Simplified issue life insurance
Simplified issue life insurance skips the medical exam and relies on the applicant to answer questions about their medical history. Most applicants are approved, but there are a few “knockout” questions, such as if you’re in a wheelchair.
Guaranteed life insurance
With guaranteed acceptance life insurance, you can get a life insurance policy without taking a medical exam or having to answer any medical questions. But because the insurer is giving you a policy without knowing anything about your past medical history, premiums will be expensive and death benefits will often be lower than a common life insurance policy.
Why is underwriting necessary?
It comes down to the insurer’s financials. If the underwriters don’t do a good job and quote high premiums, the insurer stands to lose out on a lot of business to their competitors. Similarly, if the underwriters don’t calculate a person’s risk correctly and quote lower premiums, the insurer may lose money by covering high-risk individuals at lower rates.
Bottom line
Life insurance underwriting is the process that determines how risky you are in the eyes of your insurer. It has a direct effect on your premiums — young, healthy people typically get the best rates because their risk is lowest. But even if you have a history of health conditions or risky behavior, you could still find a life insurance policy to fit your needs.
Ask an Expert
What are the financial information required in medical life underwriting?
Hello Erick,
Thank you for your comment.
Please note that medical underwriting and financial underwriting are two different types of underwriting in life insurance.
Medical underwriting is the process of assessing your medical history. So if you disclosed that you had a history of high blood pressure, the underwriter at the insurance company might request a report from your doctor. Requesting information from your doctor or any relevant medical professional will be done with your permission. All medical information gathered is strictly confidential and is only viewed by those who have a direct role in assessing your application.
Financial underwriting is to make sure that the cover amount which you apply for is appropriate for your financial situation. This is to make sure that you don’t over-insure yourself and this will keep your premiums down. This is also completely confidential.
Therefore, the information needed for medical underwriting is your medical history and not your financial information. You may refer to the details above to determine how underwriting works and use it as a guide. I hope this helps.
Should you wish to have real-time answers to your questions, try our chat box on the lower right corner of our page.
Regards,
Jhezelyn