How student loan servicers work

Who is my student loan servicer?

Your student loan servicer is a company that oversees all aspects of your student loan after you and your school get the funds. You typically first hear from your servicer right after your money is disbursed or during your grace period before repayments begin. Your lender assigns the servicer to you, so you don’t get to choose which company you work with.

Depending on what type of loan you have, you can contact your servicer to:

Federal servicers

With federal student loans, your servicer reaches out to you by email or mail after your loan is disbursed. When it does, you’ll choose a repayment plan and provide your bank account information to establish how you’ll make repayments. The Department of Education works with several federal loan servicers, including:

_{*In partnership with Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency (PHEAA).}

Since the Department of Education assigns you a servicer, you don’t get to choose which one you work with. If you’re unhappy with your servicer, you can change it by refinancing, consolidating or applying for Public Service Loan Forgiveness.

The Department of Education sometimes transfers borrowers to a different servicer, but this isn’t something you can request. [

Private student loan servicers

Many private student loan and refinancing providers also work with servicers to handle repayments — though some also handle them in house. Like with federal loans, you don’t get to choose your servicer when you take out a private student loan. But unlike federal loans, private lenders typically only work with one company — though there are some exceptions.

Here are some of the most common private student loan servicers:

_{*In partnership with PHEAA.}

How do I change my student loan servicer?

There are three ways to change your student loan servicer, though only one option is available to private student loan borrowers.

1. Refinance with a private lender

You can refinance both private and federal student loans to change up your servicer. Refinancing involves taking out a new loan to pay off your current loans with different rates and terms.

2. Apply for a federal Direct Consolidation Loan

This option is only available for federal student loans. A Direct Consolidation Loan involves combining all of your student loans into one. During the consolidation process, you get to pick your student loan servicer.

3. Apply for Public Service Loan Forgiveness

FedLoan is the only servicer that handles Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) applications. If you’re approved for PSLF, your loans will be forgiven and you’ll work with FedLoan for the short time that you’re closing your loans.

There has been some controversy around PSLF since the first round of applicants applied for forgiveness — 99% were rejected. A government investigation showed that part of this was due to miscommunication between the Department of Education and FedLoan, which gave incorrect information to applicants as a result. Even if you were rejected, you still might be eligible to apply again.

Step-by-step instructions for switching your student loan servicer

What to look out for with a servicer

Unfortunately there have been several cases where student loan servicers didn’t act with borrowers’s best interests in mind and several have faced lawsuits over the way they handle repayments. Here’s what you might want to look out for with your servicer:

• Being pushed into deferment and forbearance. FedLoan and Navient have both faced lawsuits for pushing borrowers into deferment or forbearance, which can increase your debt load. Make sure you really need it before you apply.
• Incomplete information on repayment plans. Some servicers have gotten in trouble for not fully disclosing all repayment options available to borrowers. You can find out what’s available to you by checking out our guide.
• Miscalculated income-driven repayments. You might want to double-check the math on your income-driven repayments (IDR) if they seem off. More than one servicer has faced legal action for miscalculating how much borrowers owe for IDR.
• Wrong information on PSLF. One of the reasons nearly all PSLF applicants were rejected was because they received incorrect information on how to qualify for the popular forgiveness program from their servicer. Consult with other sources to make sure you’re making eligible repayments

Before you switch up your servicer, do some research. Figure out what you value most in a servicer and look for one that offers those qualities. You can do this by checking out its website, customer reviews on Trustpilot and the Better Business Bureau (BBB), as well as complaints filed with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).

10 student loan servicers and the refinancing companies they work with

Find a servicer you want to work with? Here are the providers you can refinance through to make it happen:

• Firstmark Services: Citizens Bank, Purefy, CommonBond, Brazos
• AES/PHEAA: PNC Bank, Brazos, Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority (MEFA)
• LendKey: Navy Federal Credit Union
• MOHELA: SoFi, Education Loan Finance (ELFI)
• Navient: Earnest, Brazos
• Granite State Management: EDvestinU
• Nelnet: U-fi, Brazos
• Student Loan Corporation: Advantage Education Loan
• Reunion Student Loan Finance Corporation (RSLFC): iHelp
• Aspire Servicing Center: Iowa Student Loans
• PenFed: PenFed Credit Union, Splash Financial, Purefy

5 refinancing companies that provide in-house servicing

Rather refinance with a provider that handles its own repayments? Here are a few companies to consider:

What to expect with…

Change up your servicer with these lenders

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Name	Product	Min. Credit Score	Max. Loan Amount	APR
SoFi Student Loan Refinancing Variable Rate (with Autopay)		650	Full balance of your qualified education loans	2.25% to 6.09%	A leader in student loan refinancing, SoFi can help you refinance your loans and pay them off sooner.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...
Purefy Student Loan Refinancing (Variable Rate)		620	$300,000	2.27% to 7.49%	Refinance all types of student loans — including federal and parent PLUS loans.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...
Credible Student Loan Refinancing		Good to excellent credit	None	1.99% to 9.24%	Get prequalified offers from top student loan refinancing providers in one place.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...
Splash Financial Student Loan Refinancing		650	None	1.89% to 6.66%	Save on your student loans with this market-leading newcomer.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...
Education Loan Finance Student Loan Refinancing		680	None	2.39% to 6.01%	Lower your student debt costs with manageable payments, affordable rates and flexible terms.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...
Earnest Student Loan Refinancing		650	$500,000	1.99% to 5.34%	Get a tailored interest rate and repayment plan with no hidden fees.	Get started More Info	Compare	loading Fetching your data...

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How do I consolidate my federal loans through my servicer?

You can apply to consolidate your federal student loans through your servicer by filling out the federal Direct Consolidation Loan application. You can typically download this form from your servicer’s website or through the FSA site.

Once you complete the application, send the form to your servicer. You might want to reach out to your servicer first to make sure you’re sending it to the correct address — many have different addresses for different types of requests.

How do I change my repayment plan?

If you have a federal student loan, changing your repayment plan also involves filling out a form. Each repayment program has a different form and requires different information. For example, if you want to switch to an income-driven repayment plan, you need to provide information about you and your spouse’s income. Switching to a standard repayment plan typically requires a lot less documentation — if any.

Since most private lenders only offer one standard repayment plan, you might need to refinance if you want to lower your monthly repayments or get out of debt faster. But talk to your servicer first. If your financial situation has significantly changed, some providers might be willing to offer an unofficial income-based repayment plan or lengthen your term to help you avoid default.

Compare student loan repayment programs

How do I put my loans on hold?

Federal loans come with a wide range of deferment and forbearance options — and each comes with a separate form. You can reach out to your servicer to get a copy of the form or download it from the FSA website. Either way, reach out to your servicer to make sure you’re sending it to the correct address.

Many private student loan providers also offer deferment or forbearance options if you lose your job or face another financial hardship. Some even allow you to pause repayments for no reason at all. The process of going into deferment or forbearance varies between servicers — you’ll likely have to reach out to learn what your options are.

How deferment and forbearance works

Bottom line

You don’t get to choose your student loan servicer if you have a federal loan — and chances are you weren’t aware of your servicer if you applied for a private student loan. But it can have an even larger impact on your experience as a borrower than your lender. If you’re with a servicer you don’t like, there are a few ways to switch to one that better fits your needs.

Want to learn more about how student loans work? Check out our comprehensive guide.

Frequently asked questions

• What happens if I don't pay my federal loan servicer?

  After you miss your first repayment, your loan are considered delinquent. If you don’t make repayments for 270 days, your loan goes into default. Once your loan goes into default, the entire balance is immediately due, your credit score is damaged and you won’t be able to collect on federal benefits or tax rebates if you have a federal loan.

  You can get out of default by applying for student loan rehabilitation, which involves a new repayment plan based on your income.

• Why was my student loan transferred to another servicer?

  Sometimes the Department of Education transfers student loans between servicers due to a change in its contract with that particular servicer. If that happens, reach out to your former servicer to make sure all of your loans have been transferred.

• Which agency is involved in regulating student loan servicing?

  Federal loan servicers have contracts with the Department of Education. However, if you have a complaint, you might have better luck filing it with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. This agency compiles data based on complaints and makes recommendations for further regulation, sometimes even filing lawsuits against companies.

_{Picture: Shutterstock}