“The economy is in recovery mode, but with the pandemic still not over the BoC are likely to stick to their guidance that QE tapering is the first order of the day and that interest rate hikes are a 2H 2022 story.”
Moshe Lander
Professor of economics, Concordia University
Hold
“Despite the relaxation of many of the restrictions placed on the economy, there is still not enough to indicate that the economy is back to full employment, let alone overheating in a way that necessitates an increase in the overnight rate. The Bank of Canada will start watching a little more closely in the last half of 2021, but do not anticipate action until 2022.”
Lars Osberg
Professor of economics, Dalhousie University
Hold
“Not enough change [to warrant a rate move]”
Tony Stillo
Director of economics for Canada, Oxford Economics
Hold
“The Bank’s forward guidance continues to stress it will hold off hiking the policy rate hike until excess slack is fully absorbed and inflation stabilizes at 2% after its current transitory rise, something it expects in late 2022.”
Murshed Chowdhury
Associate professor, University of New Brunswick
Hold
“We are on the path to recovery. Substantial progress needs to be made before tightening the belt by raising the interest rate. It would be too early to act. We have not seen much action from the FED either. Investors need to have enough warning before raising the rate. However, more actions are needed to cool off the housing market.”
Derek Holt
Vice president and head of capital markets economics, Scotiabank
Hold
“Macklem has said they will hike when spare capacity has been shut and we’re not there yet. They also have a lot of preparatory work to do first in terms of their QE program.”
“I believe we are close to the day the Trudeau government will announce the call for elections. I do not believe the BOC will announce a rate hike during an election.”
Philip Cross
Senior fellow, Macdonald-Laurier Institute
Hold
“The Bank has clearly indicated no change this year.”
Carl Gomez
Chief economist and head of market analytics for CoStar Group
Hold
“Despite inflation heating up (primarily due to base effects) the economy is not yet out of the woods while there is still plenty of slack. This continues to necessitate a steady stance on monetary policy.”
Vik Singh
Assistant professor, Ryerson University
Hold
“Too many variables such as inflation concern and Delta varriant.”
Angelo Melino
Professor, University of Toronto
Hold
“The economy has not yet recovered so it needs continued monetary support. Although inflation is running hot currently, this largely reflects base year effects and supply disruptions and does not yet call for monetary tightening.”
Sri Thanabalasingam
Senior economist, TD Bank Group
Hold
“The economy is recovering largely as the Bank had expected. Unemployment is still very elevated and it will take time for these workers to be reabsorbed into the labour market. Monetary policy will need to remain supportive through the transition.”
“A hold on July 14 is consistent with the Bank of Canada’s monetary policy framework and its recent communications.”
Eldar Sehic
chief economist at Anchor Economics
Hold
“The economic recovery has been shaky and uneven. Along with the relatively low inflation and troubling high debt, employment and output continue to struggle.”
Avery Shenfeld
Managing director and chief economist, CIBC
Hold
“We’re still too far from full employment to begin a tightening cycle.”
Josh Nye
Senior economist, RBC
Hold
“Canada’s economy is still a long way from returning to full capacity, which the BoC has set as a condition for beginning to raise interest rates. Inflation is above target but is likely to moderate in 2022.”
Sherry Cooper
Chief Economist, Dominion Lending Centres
Hold
“They have telegraphed that they will keep overnight rates on hold until at least next year.”
The July 14 decision
Since the start of the pandemic, the Bank of Canada has declared that .25% would remain the effective lower bound yet now that we are halfway through 2021 talk of the next rate hike has moved from several years to one year or less according to most experts.
Still, despite this shifting opinion, every single panellist out of the 20 on Finder’s panel agreed the Bank of Canada would hold the rate on July 14. When asked what the Bank should do to the overnight rate only one expert said the rate should rise, the rest believe it should continue to hold.
Eldar Sehic, chief economist, Anchor Economics explains, “The economic recovery has been shaky and uneven. Along with the relatively low inflation and troubling high debt, employment and output continue to struggle”.
Moshe Lander, senior lecturer at Concordia University explains how the Bank of Canada plays such a pivotal role in keeping the economic recovery on track and how a premature rate increase could derail it at this crucial time.
“Many economic recoveries have been derailed by a precipitous move by the central bank to increase interest rates. This [time] is probably more important than any in the last 75 years because of the tectonic shift that various sectors have had to undergo because of the pandemic. The Bank of Canada has built up a lot of credibility as an inflation fighter. Let the economy grow and maybe even overheat a little before snuffing out this recovery. If there are no signs of inflationary pressure in the labour market, then everything else can be allowed to run its course.”
Murshed Chowdhury, associate professor at the University of New Brunswick agrees raising rates too soon could hinder the recovery and, “keeping inflation on target and not letting the currency appreciate too much are the two critical factors during our path to recovery…However, we may need actions to cool off the housing market to keep housing affordable for younger generations.”
James Knightley, chief international economist for ING agrees with the current position of the BoC to hold the rate, highlighting the risk of the delta Covid-19 variant and pointing out there is, “still spare capacity in the economy so an interest rate move is not a pressing requirement.”
Philip Cross, senior fellow at the MacDonald Laurier Institute, agrees there is “still too much uncertainty about where the US economy and ours is going, especially as Delta takes hold in the US.” Atif Kubursi, president of Econometric Research Limited, was the single panellist who believes the bank should raise the rate on July 14.
“We have an asset bubble in the real estate market, stock market and other wealth markets. The BOC has an inflation target but it seems that it has taken its eyes off the asset markets. Maybe it is time to create a hybrid target that takes into account inflation in the goods market and equally any unreasonable inflationary pressures in the asset markets.”
Economic outlook
Clearly, there is a consensus from our panel that the Bank of Canada is being prudent and cautious in regards to holding the rate. So when we asked WHEN the rate will next increase shows a clear consensus on timing as well.
This consensus only became fully evident with this July report where a whopping 74% of economists said they believe the Bank of Canada will raise the rate sometime in the second half of 2022. In the June report, just a little over half of economists (55%) believed this would be the time for a rate hike.
Most of the remaining experts (21%) see an even earlier rate hike in the first half of 2021, with a small minority (5%) seeing the interest rate holding until early 2023.
Brett House, deputy chief economist at Scotiabank says, “inflation expectations are rising as economic re-opening proceeds and output gaps are closing. As a result, we anticipate that the Bank of Canada will need to raise its benchmark policy rate earlier than it has so far communicated.”
Avery Shenfeld, chief economist for CIBC is one of the majority who thinks, “By the latter half of 2022, we expect economic slack to have narrowed and core inflation pressures could require steps to moderate economic growth ahead.”
Josh Nye, senior economist for RBC, “expects Canada’s economy will return to full capacity by mid-2022 and underlying inflationary pressure will begin to firm, setting up for rate hikes in H2/22.”
Sri Thanabalasingam, senior economist at TD Bank agrees with his peers but focuses on employment levels stating, “Labour market slack will likely be absorbed in the second half of 2022, allowing the Bank to hike interest rates. The employment recovery over the summer months will provide signals whether the Bank will move earlier or later than the anticipated time frame.”
Sherry Cooper, chief economist at Dominion Lending Centres fears that inflation will not return to 2% on a sustained basis and “it would be too disruptive to raise rates unexpectedly,” however, she does see the rate rising sooner than the majority of her peers in the first half of 2022.
Unlike the majority, Tony Stillo, Director of Canada Economics at Oxford Economics, was the single expert who thinks the rate could hold into the first half of 2023.
“We think the Bank will want to avoid exerting upward pressure on the Canadian dollar by hiking before the US Federal Reserve, which is expected to begin lifting rates in 2023. We also believe the Bank wants to be careful not to aggravate Canada’s elevated household debt burden and housing vulnerabilities.”
Risks involved with cancelling pandemic income support programs
Earlier in the year, the federal government announced it would extend pandemic benefits (at the time late September 2021 was set as an end date), mainly for the purpose of supplementing the income of Canadians negatively impacted by the pandemic through lost jobs, layoffs, decreased hours and/or wages and small business closures during lockdowns.
The question we asked our Economists is whether they believe the Federal government stopping these pandemic support programs like the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) or extended Employment Insurance (EI) benefits, both a lifeline for thousands of Canadians during the pandemic, would pose any political and/or economic risk considering the precarious nature of the global economic recovery.
The results were somewhat divided but the majority of economists (39%) believe there will be both political and economic risk when these programs come to an end. About one third (33%) see the risk but believe it will be political only in nature. While a minority (6%) only see an economic rest.
Interestingly 17% see no political or economic risk when these programs end, and the remaining 6% were unsure.
Lander provides a comprehensive view of both the political and economic risks Canada faces for the remainder of the pandemic.
“The political risk is obvious. There is an upcoming election, very likely before the end of 2021, and you cannot run on a platform of cutting spending programmes that have benefited millions of Canadians, no matter how economically sound the decision might be…[because most Canadians are vaccinated] a fall lockdown might look improbable, yet social distancing, mask-wearing, reduced/restricted hours of operation and even limited gatherings could all be in play for the fall and winter. Economically, a complete cancellation of these programmes is likely to cause a level of uncertainty that could cause consumers to reduce their spending by more than a clearly-designed…tapering of the spending programmes would cause.”
Angelo Melino, professor at the University of Toronto sees the risk in ending these programs as purely political, since “in an election year, there is always pressure to spend more and provide more income support.” Derek Holt, vice president and head of capital markets economics at Scotiabank, is unsure of the risk and feels, “it depends on the speed of a jobs recovery and whether we face an election call.”
Sebastien Lavoie, chief economist Laurentian Bank Financial Group doesn’t see the ending of these programs posing a risk, as from a labour market perspective, “In several sectors, we see companies having difficulties to re-engage the detached workforce. This is different from broad-based shortages.”
Housing price predictions for the end of 2021
Finder asked our panellists to assign a percentage value for any anticipated price increases or decreases in 10 of Canada’s major markets. We averaged out the responses and ranked them below from most anticipated to increase in value to least.
The 9 panellists who provided housing predictions forecasted an average national increase of 4% in six months time (January), a slightly lower increase than the 5% that was reported in the June BoC report.
Toronto has taken back the top spot with a predicted 5% increase from Hamilton, which now joins Vancouver, Calgary and Edmonton with a predicted 4% increase. Montreal, Halifax, Ottawa and Winnipeg had 3% predicted gains. Quebec City came in last with an almost flat prediction of just 2% gains by 2022.
Should the rate be raised to cool Canada’s overheated Real Estate Market?
Canada’s spring real estate market is now winding down for summer after months of bidding wars and some downright outrageous selling prices for the record books. While the summer is a slower time our experts still don’t see a correction on the horizon just yet based on their predicted 4% increase in prices by end of the year.
So, in this overheated real estate market, we asked our panellists what the overnight rate would need to be raised to in order to see home prices across Canada start to decrease. Out of the 9 experts we asked, the responses averaged out to 1.25%.
The bigger question is SHOULD the bank raise rates for the express purpose of managing the runaway real estate market and the unanimous answer seems to be nearly unanimous with 79% of experts saying no.
Lavoie agrees with the majority, stating the Bank raising rates to potentially make housing more affordable for certain segments (i.e. first-time buyers) by seeing prices decrease, is not a simple formula but a decision with many other considerations to keep in mind.
“Killing many birds with one stone is more often a coincidence than anything else when it comes to monetary policy setting with dual objectives. Higher interest rates down the road coming up with the turnaround in global QE is likely to be enough to cool the current overheating housing conditions. The BoC does not need to step in to cool regional housing markets at the expense of a well-established inflation targeting mindset and credible and stable inflation expectations.”
Lars Osberg, professor of economics at Dalhousie University agrees there is “too much downside risk” to this action.
Stillo explains, “raising interest rates is a blunt tool to address the hot housing market, and would likely have unintended negative consequences for the broader economy.”
Carl Gomez, chief economist and head of market analytics for CoStar agrees with Stillo and others explaining, “although low-interest rates have been the rocket fuel for the housing market, monetary policy cannot be conducted in a vacuum and target specific sectors like housing, as it could have negative spillover effects on other parts of the economy.”
Kubursi is one of the dissenters who believes raising the overnight rate is crucial for the housing market and warns if the Bank of Canada waits too long there could be serious consequences.
“Cooling the real estate market and other asset markets is now a prudent policy objective. The BOC has kept an inflation target solely fixed on the goods market. This has exacerbated income and wealth inequality and frustrated the capacity of young people to own their own homes. There will be negative political, social and economic consequences to this blindness to what is happening to asset bubbles.”
Richard Laycock is Finder’s NYC-based senior content marketing manager & insights editor, spending the last decade data diving, writing and editing articles about all things personal finance. His musings can be found across the web including on NASDAQ, MoneyMag, Yahoo Finance and Travel Weekly. Richard studied Media at Macquarie University, including a semester abroad at The Missouri School of Journalism (MIZZOU).
Read Finder’s BoC Interest Rate Report for forecasts from some of Canada’s brightest minds in economics and learn more about how recent rate increases could affect Canada’s real estate market.
Looking for the best bank in Canada for students? Find out what accounts offer low or no fees, what accounts are best for travel and which student accounts come with debit cards or extra perks.
Opening a joint bank account is a big step for any couple. Find out more about what to look for in an account and how to avoid the common pitfalls.
Feedback
How likely would you be to recommend finder to a friend or colleague?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Very UnlikelyExtremely Likely
Required
Thank you for your feedback.
Our goal is to create the best possible product, and your thoughts, ideas and suggestions play a major role in helping us identify opportunities to improve.
Advertiser Disclosure
finder.com is an independent comparison platform and information service that aims to provide you with the tools you need to make better decisions. While we are independent, the offers that appear on this site are from companies from which finder.com receives compensation. We may receive compensation from our partners for placement of their products or services. We may also receive compensation if you click on certain links posted on our site. While compensation arrangements may affect the order, position or placement of product information, it doesn't influence our assessment of those products. Please don't interpret the order in which products appear on our Site as any endorsement or recommendation from us. finder.com compares a wide range of products, providers and services but we don't provide information on all available products, providers or services. Please appreciate that there may be other options available to you than the products, providers or services covered by our service.
We update our data regularly, but information can change between updates. Confirm details with the provider you're interested in before making a decision.
