{"id":445714,"date":"2022-08-30T11:52:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T10:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/uk\/?p=445714"},"modified":"2026-02-02T16:06:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T16:06:56","slug":"insider-trading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/uk\/share-trading\/share-trading-guides\/share-trading-glossary\/insider-trading","title":{"rendered":"What is insider trading?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>No-one likes a cheater, and least of all, one that gets rich using an unfair advantage. That\u2019s why insider trading rules exist. They stop privileged bosses and professionals making money unfairly on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/uk\/share-trading\/how-do-stock-exchanges-work\">stock market<\/a> by using their secret knowledge. Learn what insider trading is, why it\u2019s so bad and what the rules mean for you.<\/p><h3>What is insider trading?<\/h3><p>Insider trading is when someone in a privileged position, like an employee, uses secret information to help them make money on the stock market. They might know privileged financial information about a company that\u2019s not publicly known and will affect the share price of the stock in the future. If they act on this information they could profit big time as they effectively have a crystal ball and can predict share price movements.<\/p><p>The problem is that making money from privileged insider information is illegal. Stock market trading needs to be a level playing field for investors, otherwise insiders can rip off other investors. They can buy or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/uk\/share-trading\/how-to-sell-shares\">sell shares<\/a>, knowing they are worth a different amount to what they have paid.<\/p><h3 id=\"learn\">How does insider trading work?<\/h3><p>Insider trading occurs when investors find out secret information that\u2019s not known to the public. They then use this information to profit from buying and selling shares. They can make money because they know in advance which way the share price will move.<\/p><p>Trading as an insider includes tipping off others with information, like friends and family members. If a friend receives a tip-off from an employee and uses this information to profit on the stock market, they are both acting illegally and could be prosecuted.<\/p><h3>What are the insider trading rules in the UK?<\/h3><p>The UK insider trading rules are set out in the Criminal Justice Act 1993. According to the rules, an individual is committing a criminal offence if:<\/p><ul><li>They use inside information in relation to shares<\/li><li>They buy or sell related to the inside information<\/li><li>The dealing takes place on a regulated market or through a broker<\/li><\/ul><p>An insider may be able to defend themselves if the following applies:<\/p><ul><li>They weren\u2019t expecting to make a profit<\/li><li>They thought the information was widely known<\/li><li>They would have traded the shares even without knowing the private information<\/li><\/ul><h3>Is insider trading illegal?<\/h3><p>Yes. Insider trading is a criminal offence in the UK. It\u2019s illegal if the insiders made investing decisions based on information that isn\u2019t public yet and would affect the share price.<\/p><p>For example, suppose someone works for a company and knows secret information that will affect the stock price in the future. They share it with a family member and then that family member acts on the information and buys or sells shares. In this example, both people are guilty of breaking the law.<\/p><h3>Why is insider trading illegal?<\/h3><p>Insider trading has been illegal in the UK since 1980 and is actually classed as a type of fraud. It\u2019s illegal because it gives insiders an unfair advantage over other investors. They can use information to make money unfairly because they know secret information that will cause the share price to change once the information becomes public. It\u2019s as if they had a crystal ball to predict future share prices.<\/p><h3>What happens if you start insider trading?<\/h3><p>If you start insider trading then you are breaking the law. If you get caught, you could get hit with a heavy fine or even a prison sentence.<\/p><p>If you\u2019re a professional like a lawyer or an accountant, you could lose your professional qualification if you\u2019re caught breaking the law.<\/p><article class=\"luna-card luna-card--primary\"><div class=\"luna-card__block\"><h3>What is an example of insider trading?<\/h3><p>An example of insider trading is the case of American businesswoman and \u201cdomestic goddess\u201d Martha Stewart. Her squeaky clean image came unstuck when she was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/news\/press\/2003-69.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prosecuted for insider trading<\/a>.<\/p><p>She invested in pharmaceutical company ImClone and in 2001 received a tip-off that would affect the share price. Her stock broker, Peter Bacanovic, passed on information received illegally from CEO Samuel D. Waksal that the FDA wouldn\u2019t approve a new cancer drug for pharmaceutical company ImClone. The share price for the company had been riding high because most experts expected the drug to be approved.<\/p><p>As a result, Martha Stewart sold around 4,000 shares and made nearly US$250,000 on the sale. The share price was riding high because most experts expected the FDA to approve the new cancer drug.<\/p><p>When ImClone announced the news, the share price of ImClone plunged from approximately US$60 to just over US$10 in the following months.<\/p><p>The American financial regulator, the SEC, discovered that insider trading had taken place and prosecuted Martha Stewart, Peter Bacanovic and Samuel D. Waksal. Waksal was sentenced to 7 years in prison and fined US$4.3 million, and a year later Stewart and Bacanovic were also found guilty. Stewart was sentenced to a minimum of 5 months in prison and fined US$30,000.<\/p><\/div><\/article><h3>Can anyone insider trade?<\/h3><p>Insider trading is usually associated with people who work for listed companies and get access to privileged information. They can use this information to make money on the stock market. But it is also possible for ordinary members of the public to break the law if they find out private information that would affect a share price.<\/p><p>Finding out secret information and using it to make a profit on the stock market is breaking the law, regardless of how you found out the information.<\/p><h3>Can a CEO buy stocks in the company they work for?<\/h3><p>Yes, a CEO can buy stocks in the company they work for. Not only that, but companies often offer share options to employees who work for them.<\/p><p>It\u2019s not usually insider trading if a CEO or an employee buys or sells shares in the company they work for. If directors of the company purchase or sell shares and disclose their transactions legally then it\u2019s not illegal as they are complying with the rules.<\/p><div class=\"eeQuote box u-rounded--lg source-finder type-expert\">\n    <div class=\"eeQuote__gridContainer\">\n        <div class=\"eeQuote__photoContainer\">\n            <div class=\"eeQuote__startQuoteIcon\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"36\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 28\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1114 3.54845C12.05 5.01898 11.1447 6.64935 10.3955 8.43956C9.64624 10.2298 9.24041 11.8282 9.17798 13.2348C10.7389 13.8102 11.9563 14.6733 12.8304 15.8242C13.767 16.975 14.2352 18.3816 14.2352 20.044C14.2352 22.0899 13.5484 23.8482 12.1749 25.3187C10.8637 26.7253 9.2092 27.4286 7.21127 27.4286C5.15091 27.4286 3.43394 26.7253 2.06036 25.3187C0.686788 23.9121 0 21.8661 0 19.1808C0 16.3037 0.749223 13.043 2.24767 9.3986C3.74611 5.75424 5.83769 2.62138 8.52241 0L13.1114 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<div class=\"eeQuote__content\">\n                                    <div class=\"eeQuote__heading\">Our expert says: Why is insider trading so serious?<\/div>\n                                <div class=\"eeQuote__quote\">\n                    <p>\"Insider trading gives the financial services industry a bad name. It\u2019s when corrupt individuals aim to make money based on their special, privileged knowledge. Like any corruption, a few rotten individuals can spoil things for the rest of us. They can make money at the expense of other investors by cheating the system.<\/p><p>That\u2019s why it\u2019s important the financial regulators take a tough stance on insider trading and impose harsh penalties on investors who are found guilty.\"<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <div class=\"eeQuote__authorInfo\">\n                                            <div class=\"eeQuote__authorPhoto--mobile\">\n                            <figure class=\"eeQuote__photo\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zoe Stabler DipFA's headshot\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/finder-us\/wp-uploads\/2025\/11\/ZoeStablerF1_Finder_600x600.png\" class=\"avatar avatar-200 photo finder-avatar\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/finder-us\/wp-uploads\/2025\/11\/ZoeStablerF1_Finder_600x600.png?fit=180 180w, 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class=\"eeQuote__authorDetails\">\n                                                    <a class=\"eeQuote__authorName\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finder.com\/uk\/author\/zoestabler\" itemprop=\"url\" target=\"_blank\">\n                                Zoe Stabler DipFA\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                            <div class=\"eeQuote__authorTitle\">Senior writer<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Bottom line<\/h3><p>Insider trading rules protect other investors and make sure that people can\u2019t benefit unfairly from their privileged position. They mean it\u2019s illegal to use secret information about a company to make money from buying or selling its shares. People who break the rules could face a hefty fine or even a prison sentence and professionals could be barred from practising again.<\/p><h3 id=\"faqs\">Frequently asked questions<\/h3><ul class=\"luna-accordionGroup accordionGroup\"><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000000\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000000\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">What is the penalty for insider trading?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000000\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>In the US, the maximum penalty for illegal trading is 20 years in prison and the maximum fine for individuals is $5,000,000.<\/p><p>In the UK, trading as an insider can result in a fine or ban from working in financial services. It also carries a maximum penalty of 7 years.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000001\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000001\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">Is insider trading illegal in the UK?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000001\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>Yes, it is illegal in the UK. You could get a criminal record or even a prison sentence if you\u2019re caught by the financial authorities.<\/p><p>If you\u2019re a professional, like an accountant or lawyer, you could lose your professional qualification if you abuse your position of trust to make money on the stock market.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000002\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000002\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">Can you be charged if you lose money?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000002\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>In many countries, like the US, you can still be charged with insider trading if you lose money. That\u2019s because the rules are concerned with breaches of confidence or trust, not just the amount of money an investor makes on a trade.<\/p><p>For example, an executive who uses privileged information to make decisions on their investments is breaching their duty towards the company and shareholders. Or an accountant that shares confidential information is breaking their professional code to act on behalf of the shareholders.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000003\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000003\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">How common is insider trading?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000003\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>It\u2019s difficult to know how often this type of illegal trading takes place, but sadly, it may be more common than we realise.<\/p><p>Researchers estimate that corrupt investors benefit from trading as an insider in as many as 1 in 20 quarterly earnings announcements and 1 in 5 merger deals. This means there may be at least 4 times more of this type of illegal trading than those that are prosecuted.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000004\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000004\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">How can you tell someone is trading illegally?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000004\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>Financial authorities like the SEC use sophisticated tools to look for possible illegal insider trading. They pay special attention to suspicious activities when earnings reports or key financial information is announced.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"luna-accordion\" data-accordion=\"accordion\">\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__summary\">\n    <h4 class=\"luna-accordion__heading\">\n      <button class=\"luna-accordion__action collapsed\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion0000000005\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion0000000005\">\n        <span class=\"luna-accordion__title\">Is insider trading legal in any country?<\/span>\n        <svg class=\"luna-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-down\" data-accordion-icon=\"show\"><\/use>\n          <use xlink:href=\"#chevron-up\" data-accordion-icon=\"hide\" class=\"is-hidden\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"luna-accordion__details collapse\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"accordion0000000005\" data-accordion=\"details\">\n    <div class=\"accordionContent\"><p>Insider trading is illegal in many countries including the UK, the US, Australia, Canada, Germany, Norway and the European Union.<\/p><p>Some countries may have different laws so you should check the rules in your own country.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/li><\/ul><div id=\"sources\" style=\"position: relative;\"><h3 style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;\">Sources<\/h3>\n<div id=\"lazy0000000000\"><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/json\" id=\"lazyloaded-assets-json-lazy0000000000\" 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