The S&P 500 is a stock market index comprising 500 leading US companies. The performance of this index is usually a good reflection of the entire market. You can’t invest directly in the index but you can buy securities designed to mirror its performance or, if so inclined, buy the individual stocks of companies in the S&P 500.
You can invest in the S&P 500 in two ways: buy individual stocks that make up the S&P 500 or buy exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds that track the S&P 500 index.
You can buy individual stocks in companies listed in the index. This means you’re buying and owning the individual stocks of the index.
How to invest in S&P 500 in 5 easy steps
The easiest way to invest in the S&P 500 is to invest in either an ETF or mutual fund that tracks the S&P 500. Funds that track an index like the S&P 500 are known as index funds.
Index funds are designed to track the performance of and achieve approximately the same return as an underlying index. S&P 500 index funds will at the least have exposure to the top constituents — Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, etc. These funds are a great way to add instant diversification to your portfolio at a low cost because a single share purchase gives you exposure to all the underlying stocks.
Since most S&P 500 index funds should, in theory, achieve nearly similar returns, a fund’s performance may not be the most important factor when deciding which to invest in. Investors may want to pay closer attention to expenses, which will likely vary the most between funds.
| Icon | Fund | 5-year performance | Link to invest |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Vanguard S&P 500 (VUSA) | 86.77% | |
 | iShares Core S&P 500 (CSP1) | 88.47% | |
 | Invesco S&P 500 (SPXP) | 88.91% | |
 | HSBC S&P 500 (HSPX) | 87.01% | |
 | SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) | 86.50% | |
 | Xtrackers S&P 500 Equal Weight UCITS ETF (XDWE) | 69.22% |
What Bob says about simplifying things with an ETF:
While DIY is a venerable approach when it comes to projects like home improvement, it's often unnecessary when investing. Picking and choosing individual stocks can get you better results in theory, but it's time-consuming and quite difficult to do consistently. On the other hand, ETFs can provide excellent results for the average investor, and the fees today are often quite low.
— Bob Haegele, Personal finance writer and expert
The S&P 500 is a market capitalization-weighted stock market index of 500 leading US companies in the most prominent industries of the US economy, traded on either the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or Nasdaq.
The index was first introduced in 1957. Today, the S&P 500 covers approximately 80% of the available market cap and is widely regarded as the best single measure of US stock market performance.(1)
Though known officially as the S&P 500, the index actually contains just over 500 stocks as of the last quarter of 2023. The index includes two share classes of stock from News Corp (NWS), Fox Corp (FOX) and Alphabet (GOOGL).(2)
The S&P 500 includes some of the most recognizable and popular stocks in the world. The top ten constituents make up around 28% of the entire S&P 500, with Apple alone representing 7.5% of the total index.(3) This is why when Apple is down, the entire index feels it. The top 10 constituents of the S&P 500 by index weight as of October 31 2023 are:
| Company | Ticker symbol | |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Corp. | MSFT | |
| Apple Inc. | AAPL | |
| Amazon.com Inc | AMZN | |
| NVIDIA Corp | NVDA | |
| Alphabet Inc A | GOOGL | |
| Meta Platforms, Inc Class A | META | |
| Alphabet Inc C | GOOG | |
| Berkshire Hathaway B | BRK-B | |
| Tesla Inc | TSLA | |
| UnitedHealth Group | UNH |
April 25, 2024: Stocks tumbled Thursday, as disappointing corporate earnings and elevated bond yields look set to stall the market rebound, according to Barron’s.
April 23, 2024: US stocks secured gains across the board on Tuesday, as tech-focused investors prepared for a fresh wave of earnings highlighted by struggling Tesla. The benchmark S&P 500 rose about 1.2% after staging a comeback from a six-day run of losses on Monday, according to Yahoo Finance.
April 19, 2024: In Friday’s session, the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite extended their losing streaks to their sixth consecutive days, according to Yahoo Finance.
April 8, 2024: The S&P 500 has been on a tear recently, with multiple financial firms raising their price targets on the tech-heavy index. Infrastructure Capital Advisors CEO Jay Hatfield joins Market Domination Overtime to discuss his bullish S&P 500 target of 5750, according to Yahoo Finance.
April 3, 2024: The S&P 500 finished slightly higher Wednesday, snapping a two-day losing streak, after Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said the central bank still sees room for rate cuts this year, according to The Wall Street Journal.
March 28, 2024: Stocks rallied into the close to end the last trading day of the month, capping a fruitful first quarter of 2024 with a fresh record high for the S&P 500, according to Yahoo Finance.
Take a look at the 10-year historical performance of the S&P 500.
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Pros
Cons
Investing in the S&P 500 is just a simple as making any other investment. You can either invest in a S&P 500 index fund tracks the entire index performance (like the Vanguard S&P 500 index fund) or you can buy shares of the individual companies that make up the index (like Microsoft, Google and Amazon). The steps to buy are the same:
Yes! If you invest in an index fund there is usually no minimum. If you sign up with a stock broker that offers fractional share trading, then you can also purchase fractional shares of the individual companies that make up the index.
The return on $100 invested in the S&P 500 depends on the time frame. Over the long term, the S&P 500 has historically provided around 7% annual returns after inflation, but year-to-year returns can fluctuate dramatically. Assuming you invest $100 in the S&P 500, make no further contributions and let the money grow for 20 years at a rate of 7% each year, $100 invested in the S&P 500 would return around $385.
A stock market index of 500 leading US companies in the most prominent industries of the US economy, the S&P 500 is a great first investment. Index funds that track the S&P 500 are convenient and affordable ways to start investing.
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