Online Share Trading and Demat Accounts

With multiple online platforms, trading on the National Stock Exchange, BSE and other markets is possible — all from demat and trading accounts accessed through your computer or mobile phone. But while online trading is a versatile way to invest your money, it does carry some risk. Find out how to start trading online and what your many options are.

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What is stock trading online?

Trading is a more involved approach to investing and is also referred to as buying shares or other investment products.

Shares, or stocks, are partial ownership of a company. Instead of borrowing money to raise capital, companies sell shares to raise funds for expansion.

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Types of online trading

Online trading is a broad term that refers to different ways to buy and sell assets, such as shares, online. Here are some of the more popular methods:

Stock trading

Traders buy and sell company shares through stock markets, which provide continuous updates on the prices of those shares. The value of a company’s shares changes daily, so shareholders aim to make a profit by buying shares when they cost less and selling them when they cost more. You can expect transaction fees for buying and selling.

• Example

  Company X is trading at ₹5,000 per share on January 1st and you buy 100 shares for a total of ₹500,000. By February 1st, the shares are trading at ₹5,500, so you decide to sell, giving you a 500 rupee return on each share for a profit of ₹50,000. This also works in the opposite direction: If the stock price was ₹4,500 when you decide to sell, you’d be losing 50 rupees per share for a net loss of ₹500 before fees.

Option trading

Options are essentially a bet on how you think a stock will move within a set time. If you purchase a contract of 100 shares, that gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a stock at a certain price, called the strike price, within a certain time frame. Here are two options:

Call. If you believe the price of a stock will go up by the expiry date, you buy a call option contract. This gives you the right to buy shares at the strike price. If the share price is higher than the strike price, either buy the shares at a discount when the contract expires or buy and immediately sell the option for a profit.

Put. If you think the price of a stock will go down by the expiry date, buy a put option contract. This gives you the right to sell the shares at the strike price. If the share price drops below the strike price, you could buy shares at market price and sell them at the strike price.

• Example

  Company Y is trading at ₹2,000 per share on January 1st and you can buy a six-month options contract with a strike price of ₹2,000 and a premium of ₹500 per share.

  If you expect the market price of the share to reach ₹2,500 — the strike price plus premium — or higher by the expiry date, you could buy a call option. Since this contract gives you the right to purchase the stock at the strike price, you could either sell the contract for a profit or purchase shares at below market value.

  However, if you expect the market price of the share to drop to ₹1,500 — strike price minus premium, or below — by the expiry date, you could buy a put option. This contract gives you the right to sell shares at the strike price, meaning you could either sell your contract for a profit or purchase the shares at market value and sell them for more than you paid.

Bond trading

Bonds are issued by companies or governments to generate cash flow, finance debt, fund investments and more. Bonds have predetermined term lengths and pay interest (also called the coupon rate) at set intervals for the length of the term. Once the bond reaches maturity, it can be cashed for the principal amount.

A bond’s value can fluctuate based on the current general interest rates, so some traders buy and sell existing bonds on secondary markets. If general interest rates drop, the market value of bonds typically increases, whereas if they rise, the value of bonds typically drops.

• Example

  Company A is looking to raise money for the development of a new product, so it issues five-year bonds with a ₹100,000 principal and 5% coupon rate, paid annually. If you purchase 10 bonds for a principal investment of ₹100,000, you’ll receive a ₹5,000 interest payment each year until the bond reaches maturity. So after five years, you would have accrued a total of ₹25,000 of interest on an initial investment of ₹100,000, and then you can also cash in the bonds for the principal.

Forex trading

Foreign exchange (forex) trading is the process of buying and selling currencies. Unlike the stock market, the forex market is not one central exchange but rather a network of transactions between traders. Despite being decentralised, forex is the largest financial market in the world, with over US$5 trillion in trades conducted daily. In India however, traders can only trade certain rupee currency pairs. And since exchange rates change throughout the day, traders are able to make money by buying low and selling high, just like the stock market.

• Example

  Say the US dollar is trading at $0.015 against the Indian rupee. Expecting the value of the dollar to increase, you sell ₹100,000 in exchange for $1,500 USD. Later that month, the exchange rate drops to $0.013 INR/USD, meaning that each rupee is now worth $0.013 USD. If you decide to sell, you would make a profit of about ₹14,400.

Futures trading

Futures are based on buying or selling stocks in the future with an agreement to buy or sell the stock. When you enter into a futures contract, you’re making an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a certain date.

Swaps trading

Swaps, like forex trades, are not completed on exchanges. Instead, they are done as over the counter transactions between traders, businesses or financial institutions. Swaps are essentially a contract involving cash flows or liabilities, like loans or bonds. However, the principal amount does not actually change hands. In most cases, one cash flow is fixed, while the other is variable, often based on a benchmark interest rate, floating currency exchange rate or index price.

• Example

  Company A loaned one of its distributors ₹10 crore over five years with variable interest rates of 6.5%, that will change based on RBI interest rates. Company A believes the RBI will cut rates within the next five years, affecting its interest earned. It wants to enter into a swap on its loan. Company B believes the RBI will raise interest rates, so it pays company A a fixed rate of 7% per year in exchange for the variable cash flow from A’s loan. Company A is happy if the original loan’s interest rates stay below 7%, whereas company B is happy if the rates go above 7%.

Crypto trading

Crypto, or digital currency, trading is very similar to stock trading in that it involves buying or selling assets to make a profit. Just like stocks, there are numerous cryptocurrencies out there, allowing you to pick and choose where to invest your money. Once you purchase cryptocurrency on an online exchange, you can either sell it, hold on to it, or buy other assets like stocks, other cryptocurrencies or even goods and services.

Forwards trading

Forwards trading is just like futures trading but with more flexibility. While futures contracts include a set number of a specific asset at a predetermined delivery date, forwards contracts allow you to customize the terms. The contract holders make an agreement to buy or sell the asset, aiming to make a profit by predicting price movements.

Benefits of online trading

There was a time when all trading was done through brokers, which made it tough to get into if you didn’t have the money, time or connections. Today, there are all sorts of online trading platforms and apps that offer benefits that were unheard of 20 years ago. Some of the benefits on online trading are:

• Flexibility. Most platforms are free and allow you to trade from anywhere with an Internet connection.
• Multiple asset classes and trading methods. Trade thousands of stocks, bonds, ETFs and other assets using methods like options contracts and futures.
• Tools. There are all sorts of resources, tools and indices that can help you understand the ins and outs of online trading.
• Real-time updates. Monitor asset prices and stock market news from your phone, tablet or laptop.
• Instant trades. Transactions are completed almost instantly, allowing you to trade on the go and keep up with the markets.
• Low cost. Many websites and platforms will only charge a commission fee, allowing you to keep more of your earnings.
• Unbiased trading. Online trading allows you to do your own research and trades, meaning you may be less influenced by brokers or financial advisors who are after a commission.

What are the risks of trading?

Online trading allows almost anyone to start investing, but that doesn’t guarantee that you’ll earn money. Just like any other investment, there are a few things to watch out for:

• Risk. Stocks, foreign currencies and other assets are volatile and tough to predict, so there’s no guarantee that you’ll earn money or break even.
• Fees. While fees may seem low, you’ll pay commission on every trade, which can quickly add up. Plus, sign-up fees, transaction fees and other charges are not unheard of.
• Steep learning curve. Besides your research and intuition, there’s nobody telling you how to trade. You’ll need to practice to better understand online trading, otherwise, you risk losing your money.
• Easy and addictive. Since making a trade is as simple as opening an app or visiting a website, it’s easy to get hooked on online trading. And if you aren’t seeing the returns you expected, you may be tempted to put more of your money at risk.
• Internet dependent. You’ll need an Internet connection to trade online, so if that fails, you could miss out on trades or important information.
• Scams. Watch out for unsolicited offers to invest your money or platforms that claim to be stacked in your favour — there’s usually a catch.

How do I get started with online trading?

While online trading can seem overwhelming, getting started is actually very easy. However, with such a steep learning curve, it doesn’t hurt to get a little practice before you jump in. Consider paper trading until you understand the basics or graduate to an online trading account, then consider charting software for more advanced trading.

Open a demat and a trading account

To start trading, you’ll need to have a demat account and a trading account. Demat accounts hold assets you have purchased, while trading accounts are used to trade them. Fortunately, you can conveniently access both seamlessly, by creating a demat account and then creating and linking a trading account to it, through the same platform.

Several platforms can provide this service, and you’ll need to decide which platform is best for you. The process will vary for each platform, so make sure to consider ease of use when choosing a product. Compare your options to find a platform that offers the features, fees and capabilities that you want, then sign up to start trading.

The steps will vary depending on what type of trading you want to do, but will often be:

1. Compare the available demat account options
2. Visit the website or mobile app of your preferred platform.
3. Open an account.
4. Enter your personal information and any other details.
5. Fill out your investment preferences or configure your portfolio.
6. Link a trading account to your demat account and deposit funds for trading.
7. Make your trades.

Paper trading

Paper trading is a great way to get a better understanding of online trading. It allows you to make theoretical trades based on simulated or actual market data so that you can practice trading. It’s easy to get started:

1. Find a company or website that offers paper trading.
2. Sign up using your email and any other contact information (no bank account info is necessary).
3. Build your portfolio.
4. Monitor markets and trends.
5. Buy and sell assets, learn various instruments and explore markets.

Charting software

For more advanced traders, charting software and market research reports may improve your trading abilities. They’ll provide a more in-depth look at various markets and can help you develop trading strategies to reach your short and long-term financial goals.

1. Research different software and providers
2. Once you’ve found the right product, visit the website to sign up.
3. Sign up by providing your personal information and any other details.
4. Link your online trading account to make trades directly from the charts.

How can I choose the best share trading platform for me?

With so many platforms and online trading products available, it’s important that you compare your options to find the right one for your situation:

• Compare the selection. Think about the features, assets and instruments to find a platform to meet your needs.
• Compare commission fees. Some brokers and trading platforms charge extra for orders or specialised investment products. High-value trades are often charged as a percentage of the total trade value, rather than a fixed fee.
• Availability of advice and research options. Online platforms usually offer market news and updates and other research tools that will let you investigate the trading history of individual stocks.
• Integration with bank accounts. Some services let you transfer money easily from your trading account to a savings account. Others offer linked debit cards to use with your accounts.
• Integration with technology. Consider how each platform integrates with your mobile device, bank account, apps and other technology.

Bottom line

Online trading platforms make it easy to open demat accounts and invest in stocks, bonds, foreign currencies and other assets at any time, no matter where you are. Most offer multiple ways to trade, creating new opportunities to earn money and allowing you to diversify your portfolio. But online trading can be complicated, so make sure you understand how it works before diving in. Once you’re ready to trade, compare your options to find a platform that suits your trading needs.

Frequently asked questions

• Do I need a demat account to trade shares?

  Yes, you need a demat account to hold shares, and a trading account for more regularly trading them. Fortunately these can be and created and linked together easily on the same platform.

• Where can I start online trading?

  Paper trading is arguably the best way to start online trading. You’ll have access to all of the data and trading methods you need to understand how it works but won’t need to risk any of your money.

• Can anyone use online trading?

  Yes. As long as you have a bank account, you should be able to sign up for online trading.

• How do I buy and sell stocks?

  Once you’ve registered for an online trading account, you can navigate to your dashboard to manage your account. From there, you should be able to look up various stocks and other assets. Once you’ve found a stock you want to buy, you’ll enter the quantity and your bid price and submit your trade.

  Selling stocks is very similar — you’ll find your assets in your portfolio and should be able to select a stock to manage your shares. If you want to sell, you can enter the amount and the ask price, then submit the transaction.

• How much does online trading cost?

  Most online trading platforms will only charge fees for commission, so you won’t have to pay unless you are making trades. That said, commission prices can vary, so it’s hard to say exactly how much it will cost to trade.

• Do I need a broker for online trading?

  No. You may be able to visit a broker at your branch or find a broker online, but it isn’t necessary to have a broker for online trading.