Cryptocurrencies are complicated, very confusing to new users and lightly regulated — all of which makes them an ideal target for scammers. But with a little bit of know-how and some good old-fashioned common sense, you can do plenty to protect yourself against cryptocurrency scams.
Disclaimer: This information should not be interpreted as an endorsement of cryptocurrency or any specific
provider, service or offering. It is not a recommendation to trade.
“Bitcoin Revolution” and “Bitcoin Evolution” are two common cryptocurrency scams circulating in 2019 and 2020.
All are functionally the same scam, periodically being re-used under a new name and promising similar results. They generally claim to be some kind of investment opportunity, and use made-up celebrity endorsements to spread on social media. Recently, these scams have been pretending to be cryptocurrency trading bots.
These posts are often spread through a combination of paid advertising, bots and compromised accounts.
People who follow the link in these social media posts will usually arrive at a website that’s been dressed up to imitate a legitimate news outlet, with a made-up story about the scam product and fake testimonials.
Victims who sign up for these kinds of scams are generally led to make some kind of payment into an account, which then creates the illusion of profits. In the past, Bitcoin Revolution has simply used a random number generator to create this illusion.
The scam generally continues until the victim decides to try to withdraw these apparent profits, only to discover that none of it is real. Sometimes they will be put in touch with an “agent” who will tell them they have to make additional payments before they can withdraw their funds.
Unsure whether a particular crypto website is a scam or not? Use this checklist to help sort legitimate providers from those platforms you’re better off avoiding altogether.
Please note that this checklist is far from foolproof, as it’s possible for a website to pass several of the above tests with flying colours and still be a scam. The important thing to remember is to do your due diligence before providing any personal or financial information to any website or app.
Phishing
The first scam on the list is one that you may well be familiar with already, as it’s also been widely used to target customers from major Indonesian banks.
Known as “phishing”, this type of scam occurs when you receive an unsolicited email that looks as if it’s from your bank – or, in this case, from your crypto exchange or wallet provider. This email contains a link which will take you to a site that looks almost identical to the exchange or wallet you usually use, but is actually a scam site.
Once you enter your account details on this unofficial page, the scammers have everything they need to log in to your real account and steal your funds.
How to avoid phishing scams
Always double-check URLs to make sure you’re visiting the genuine website
Don’t click on suspicious links that are emailed to you
Never disclose your private key
Fake exchanges and wallets
In a similar vein to phishing scams, keep an eye out for fake Bitcoin exchanges. They might walk and talk like a reputable exchange, but they’re merely a front to separate consumers from their hard-earned cash.
Some will entice users with promotional offers that sound too good to be true. Others pressure users into creating an account and depositing funds, perhaps even offering “bonuses” to those who deposit larger amounts. But once they have your money these platforms might charge ridiculously high fees, make it very difficult to withdraw funds or simply steal your deposit altogether.
Other scammers have turned their attention to creating quite sophisticated fake wallet apps that, once downloaded to a user’s smartphone, can be used to steal critical account details. These apps have even made it into official, legitimate app stores like Google Play, so it pays to do your research before downloading anything to your phone.
By posing as a legitimate exchange and passing itself off as a branch of KRX, a large and reputable trading platform, it was able to ensnare innocent users.
Thoroughly research any exchange or wallet before creating an account – who is the team behind the exchange or wallet? Where is the company registered? Are there reliable reviews from other users confirming its legitimacy?
Don’t let yourself be pressured into depositing funds or providing any personal information
Don’t just randomly pick a wallet from the app store – only download apps and software from legitimate wallet providers and exchanges
Two of the apps, “Poloniex” and “Poloniex Exchange,” were downloaded more than 5,500 times before they were removed from the store. These apps asked Poloniex users to enter their account credentials, thereby giving fraudsters a way to perform transactions on behalf of users and even lock victims out of their own accounts.
Old-school scams
Cryptos may be based on new technology, but there are still plenty of scammers using old tricks to con unwitting consumers.
The classic example of this is an unsolicited phone call or email from someone claiming to be with the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). This fictional tax man will try to convince you that you owe the DJP money and you’ll be facing legal action if you don’t transfer them a certain amount of Bitcoin as soon as possible.
The tried-and-tested “Nigerian prince” scam has also migrated into the world of cryptocurrency. So if you’re ever contacted out of the blue by someone overseas promising you a share in a large sum of digital currency if you help them transfer funds out of their own country, use your common sense and recognise it for the scam it is.
How to avoid old-school scams
Use your common sense
Don’t trust unsolicited emails or phone calls
Fraudulent ICOs
Seduced by the astronomical price rises Bitcoin has experienced since its inception, many everyday consumers venture into the world of cryptocurrency looking for the next big thing. After all, if “the next Bitcoin” ever actually arrives, getting in at the ground floor could see early-adopters earn a fortune.
And if you want to get in on the ground floor, the easiest option for the average person is to buy coins or tokens in an ICO. There’s a huge appetite for new digital currencies – in the first half of 2018 alone, ICOs raised a total of US$11.69 billion – and with many new buyers having limited knowledge of how the crypto industry works, it’s the perfect breeding ground for scammers.
Pincoin and iFan
In April 2018, the Pincoin and iFan ICOs, run by the same Vietnam-based company, are believed to have cheated more than 30,000 investors out of a combined total of US$660 million.
iFan was meant to be a social media platform for celebrities and Pincoin promised 40 per cent monthly returns to investors. Both were later shown to be multi-level marketing (MLM) scams.
This has led to the rise of fake ICOs which, with some slick marketing and a little bit of hype, can convince people to buy a cryptocurrency that doesn’t actually exist. For example, one report found that 78% of ICOs in 2017 were scams, while a separate report put that figure at above 80%.
Finally, if you’re dreaming of getting rich quick from a crypto ICO, be aware that for every ICO success story there are many, many more failures, even if the project isn’t a scam.
How to avoid fraudulent ICOs
Thoroughly research any ICO before buying in. Look at the team behind the project, its whitepaper, the purpose of the currency, the tech behind it, and the specifics of the token sale.
Bitcoin blackmail scams
Similar to how scammers will sometimes pretend to represent the tax office in the hope of coercing victims out of money, they’ll also pretend to be hackers with some kind of incriminating evidence.
One common variation of this scam arrives in the form of an unsolicited email, where the sender claims to be a hacker who has accessed your PC. They will say they’ve found some kind of incriminating evidence, or taken over your webcam to capture footage of you doing something embarrassing or which you’d rather other people didn’t know about. The emails promise to send the incriminating evidence to all of your email or social media contacts unless you send some Bitcoin to the blackmailer, and will typically include instructions on how to purchase Bitcoin and where to send it.
Naturally, it’s all a lie. The phony blackmailers don’t have any evidence and nothing will happen regardless of whether or not you make a payment. This scam is purely a numbers game, where the perpetrators hope that by sending out enough emails they’ll scare enough people into sending them some Bitcoin.
How to avoid Bitcoin blackmail scams
Search online to see if other people are saying they’ve received the same email
Don’t believe the scammers
Consider using VPNs to browse more privately, for additional peace of mind against this type of scam
Impersonation giveaway scams
One type of scam that’s common to many large sites and social media platforms is a celebrity impersonation giveaway scam. Here, the scammers will impersonate a celebrity or other notable person and announce that they’re giving away a lot of cryptocurrency for free, as long as you send them some cryptocurrency first.
The scammers will often promise to send back double what you send them. Although especially prominent on Twitter, this scam has also appeared on platforms including YouTube, where scammers will impersonate a celebrity in a video or livestream.
This scam is all about quickly rushing victims into a bad decision by making them think they’re missing out. A typical giveaway scam always specifies a total amount of cryptocurrency, such as “5,000 ETH giveaway” and then uses an army of bots and fake accounts to make it look like people are actually receiving money.
After seeing all the apparently free money being given away, victims race to send money to the scammers before they have time to think it over.
On Twitter, the fake giveaway bots will often have a blue “verified” check mark, but this does not mean anything. The scammers obtain this by taking over verified accounts and then changing the names. Similarly, scams will often have thousands of likes, views, retweets or other types of social proof. Those are just from bots, and don’t mean anything either.
Assume that anytime a celebrity is offering to give away free cryptocurrency on social media, it’s a scam
Double check the user name of the suspected scam account, and compare that to the username of the celebrity’s real account
Check the provided cryptocurrency address using a blockchain explorer. You can see how much money the scam is making and whether or not it’s actually sending any money out
Ponzi or pyramid schemes
A Ponzi scheme is a simple but alarmingly effective scam that lures in new investors with the promise of unusually high returns. Here’s how it works: a promoter convinces people to invest in their scheme. These initial investors receive what they believe to be returns, but are actually payouts from the money deposited by newer investors. Now satisfied that the scheme is legit, those investors who received payouts pump more of their money into the scheme and encourage others to do the same.
Sooner or later, the scheme collapses when the promoter runs off with the money or it becomes too difficult to lure new investors. These types of pyramid schemes are nothing new and can be easy to spot, but that hasn’t stopped some crypto buyers from being scammed in a handful of high-profile incidents.
Bitconnect
In January 2018, Bitcoin investment lending platform Bitconnect shut down its lending and exchange services amid allegations it was a Ponzi scheme. Launched in early 2017 with promises of returns of up to 40% per month, the platform was quick to attract criticism from the wider crypto community and soon drew the attention of regulators.
How to avoid Ponzi/pyramid schemes
Look out for cryptocurrency projects that encourage you to recruit new investors to enjoy bigger profits
Never trust a scheme that promises returns that sound too good to be true.
Malware
Malware has long been a weapon in the arsenal of online scammers. But thanks to the complicated and highly technical nature of cryptocurrencies, much of which isn’t well understood by most people, malware now poses an even bigger threat.
Rather than stealing credit card and bank account details, crypto-related malware is designed to get access to your web wallet and drain your account, monitor the Windows clipboard for cryptocurrency addresses and replace your legitimate address with an address belonging to a scammer, or even infect your computer with a cryptocurrency miner.
How to avoid cryptocurrency malware scams
Update your antivirus software regularly to protect yourself against malware
Never download and install programs unless you’re 100% sure they’re from a reputable, legitimate provider
Don’t open suspicious attachments
Mining scams
Cloud mining allows you to mine cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin without having to purchase the expensive hardware required to do so. There are several legitimate cloud mining services that let users rent server space to mine for coins at a set rate. There are also some legitimate ways to invest in Bitcoin mining companies and share profits from them.
However, there are also plenty of cryptocurrency mining scams out there. Some promise astronomical (and implausible) returns and fail to disclose a range of hidden fees, while others are fronts for Ponzi scams and are simply designed to part you from your money.
It’s also important to note that even if it’s not an outright scam, cloud mining will always be a bad investment compared to simply buying cryptocurrency, as will leasing any other form of cryptocurrency mining equipment. The quirks of Bitcoin mining economics means that no matter what Bitcoin prices do, you’ll always be better off just buying the equivalent amount of Bitcoin instead of trying to invest that money in a mining scheme.
Even if they’re not technically scams, it’s a mathematical fact that all “legitimate” Bitcoin cloud mining businesses and consumer-oriented miner rental schemes are invariably bad investments.
Avoid all cloud mining and rent-a-miner schemes under all circumstances
Pumps and dumps
Cryptocurrencies are often dismissed as a speculator’s dream come true that are ripe for a little bit of market manipulation, which has led to the rise of what are known as “pump and dump” schemes. This is where large groups of buyers target an altcoin with a small market cap, buy that coin en masse at a particular time to drive its price up (which attracts a whole lot of new buyers fueled by FOMO – a fear of missing out), and then sell to take advantage of the significant price rise.
This sort of thing is illegal in traditional securities markets, but is a common occurrence in the largely unregulated world of cryptocurrencies. In fact, there are several online groups and forums dedicated to this exact practice, so it’s important that you stay savvy and know how to steer clear of these scams.
How to avoid pump and dump scams
Be wary of low market cap cryptos that normally have a low trading volume but that suddenly experience a sharp price rise
Keep an eye out for “fake news” on social media that hypes particular coins
Carefully research the credentials of any cryptocurrency before buying
GVT pump and dump
In January 2018, a fake Twitter account purporting to belong to cybersecurity guru and crypto enthusiast John McAfee tweeted support for the GVT cryptocurrency, naming it “coin of the day”.
For some in the crypto community, this was good enough reason to buy some GVT, and just four minutes after the tweet was posted the price of GVT had jumped from $30 to $45 and trading volume had doubled. 15 minutes later, the price was hovering around the $30 mark once again, after early buyers had “dumped” and run.
What to do if you’ve spotted a scam or become a victim
If you’ve sent money overseas as the victim of a scam, it’s important to know that the chances of you getting your money back are unfortunately very slim. This is true for all international scams, but cryptocurrency in particular is especially difficult to recover.
You can still report it though, to help prevent other people from falling victim.
If you’ve spotted a scam or been the victim of one, you can report it to the Financial Services Authority (OJK). You can also help by reporting any scams you see on social media, using the ‘report’ button provided by most platforms.
Simple tips to help you stay safe
There are plenty of other simple steps you can take to protect yourself against fraud, such as:
If you’re using a crypto wallet or exchange that supports 2-factor authentication, enable this feature before depositing any funds. It’s simple to set up and provides an extra layer of account security.
A “hot” wallet is one that’s connected to the Internet, while a “cold” wallet is one that’s held offline. Storing your crypto offline in a physical cold wallet is usually considered to be a much safer option than using an online wallet.
Avoid new and untested platforms. Let the early-adopters take the risks and make sure you don’t get involved with an exchange or wallet until you can be sure it’s legitimate.
Make sure your PC is protected against malware by keeping your antivirus software up to date.
Get into the habit of scanning the URL bar to look for the https and “secure” lock symbol, and remember to double-check the URL to make sure you’re visiting the correct site.
You need your private key to access your crypto holdings, so make sure you never disclose any of your private keys to a third party.
If you’re targeted by cryptocurrency scammers or you’ve fallen victim to a scam, report it to the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Doing so will help other innocent crypto users stay safe and avoid fraud.
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrencies are speculative, complex and involve significant risks – they are highly
volatile and sensitive to secondary activity. Performance is unpredictable and past performance is no guarantee of
future performance. Consider your own circumstances, and obtain your own advice, before relying on this information.
You should also verify the nature of any product or service (including its legal status and relevant regulatory
requirements) and consult the relevant Regulators' websites before making any decision. Finder, or the author, may
have holdings in the cryptocurrencies discussed.
Disclosure: At the time of writing the author holds ADA, ICX, IOTA, POWR and XLM.
Tim Falk is a freelance writer for Finder, writing across a diverse range of topics. Over the course of his 15-year writing career, Tim has reported on everything from travel and personal finance to pets and TV soap operas. When he’s not staring at his computer, you can usually find him exploring the great outdoors.
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